Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio with short-term and long-term prognosis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting across different glucose metabolism states: a large-scale cohort study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Nonlinear associations of stress hyperglycemia ratio with in-hospital outcomes. Associations of SHR with in-hospital outcomes across different glucose metabolic status. A All patients. B Patients with NGR. C Patients with Pre-DM. D Patients with DM. The solid red line represents the adjusted OR, and the yellow shaded area indicates the 95% CI. The horizontal dashed line represents the reference line (OR = 1). The vertical blue dashed line indicates the inflection point of the curve (Ref). P for overall indicates the significance of the whole curve, and P for nonlinear represents the significance of the nonlinear component. CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; NGR, normal glucose regulation; OR, odds ratio; Pre-DM, pre-diabetes mellitus; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio

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  Fig. 2. Comparison of ROC curves between EuroSCORE II with and without stress hyperglycemia ratio. The discriminatory performance of EuroSCORE II and EuroSCORE II + SHR was evaluated in A all patients, B patients with NGR, C patients with Pre-DM, and D patients with DM. P values for comparisons of the two models were calculated using the DeLong test. AUC, area under the curve; DM, diabetes mellitus; EuroSCORE II, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II; NGR, normal glucose regulation; Pre-DM, pre-diabetes mellitus; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio

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  Fig. 3. Restricted cubic spline curves of the association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and long-term MACCE risk. Associations of SHR with long-term MACCE across different glucose metabolic status. A All patients. B Patients with NGR. C Patients with Pre-DM. (D) Patients with DM. The solid red line represents the adjusted HR, and the yellow shaded area indicates the 95% CI. The horizontal dashed line represents the reference line (HR = 1). P for overall indicates the significance of the whole curve, and P for nonlinear represents the significance of the nonlinear component. CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; MACCE, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; NGR, normal glucose regulation; Pre-DM, pre-diabetes mellitus; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio

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  Fig. 4. Kaplan–Meier analyses for long-term MACCE. Kaplan–Meier curves depict the cumulative incidence of events stratified by tertiles of stress hyperglycemia ratio: T1 (blue), T2 (yellow), and T3 (red). The results are shown for A all patients, B patients with NGR, C patients with Pre-DM, and D patients with DM. CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; MACCE, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; NGR, normal glucose regulation; Pre-DM, pre-diabetes mellitus; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio