Accuracy and limitations of ureteroscopic biopsy in the staging and grading of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective analysis at a large tertiary center

URS biopsy demonstrates limitations in accurately staging and grading UTUC, resulting in a risk of both undertreatment and overtreatment. A multimodal diagnostic approach incorporating imaging, cytology, and clinical judgment is essential to optimizing management decisions and improving oncological outcomes.