Guillain–Barré Polyradiculoneuritis Developed in the Context of Lyme Neuroborreliosis in a 13-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report

Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, immune-mediated disorder affecting the peripheral nerves, often presenting with ascending muscle weakness and possible respiratory failure, usually following an infection. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme neuroborreliosis, is an uncommon trigger of GBS. Case presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with Lyme neuroborreliosis who developed sensorimotor GBS. She presented with progressive, symmetrical weakness, initially in the lower limbs and subsequently in the upper limbs, accompanied by absent deep tendon reflexes. Peripheral demyelination, confirmed in this case, is exceptionally rare. Results: Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, together with rehabilitation measures, prevented further nerve damage. Seven months after onset, she was able to walk with support and had no sensory or cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Lyme neuroborreliosis can rarely trigger GBS with peripheral demyelination. Early recognition, timely intervention, and effective interprofessional collaboration limited the extent of nerve damage and promoted neurological recovery.