Integrating Cardiology and Public Health: A Review of Population-Based Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

This review examines population-based strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and evaluates how integration between cardiology and public health can facilitate effective and scalable approaches to reducing the global CVD burden. Despite major therapeutic advances, the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease continue to increase, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), driven by demographic transitions, lifestyle changes, and socioeconomic inequities. Using a structured narrative synthesis, the review draws on epidemiological evidence, risk factor frameworks, policy interventions, and large-scale prevention initiatives to evaluate strategies across primordial, primary, and secondary prevention domains. The findings indicate that reductions in cardiovascular risk require approaches that extend beyond individual-level clinical management to address environmental, behavioral, and structural determinants of health. While interventions such as national screening programs, community-based strategies, and regulatory policies demonstrate measurable impact, gaps remain in evidence quality, health system integration, and equitable inclusion of vulnerable populations. The review highlights how alignment of clinical cardiology, public health systems, and multisectoral policies can improve prevention delivery and equity. It further emphasizes that strengthening primary care, advancing digital health technologies, and embedding prevention within broader social policy frameworks are essential for developing resilient cardiovascular prevention systems in resource-constrained settings.