Key result
Community and clinical CV prevention programs reduce risk factors but face systemic implementation barriers.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet substantial gaps persist between evidence-based prevention strategies and their real-world implementation.
Strengthening preventive cardiovascular care requires integrating implementation science and aligning health-system incentives to bridge the gap between evidence and real-world practice.
May guide targeted efforts to close CVD prevention gaps; leaves open which models warrant prospective validation at scale.
Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet substantial gaps persist between evidence-based prevention strategies and their real-world implementation. This narrative review aimed to identify and synthesize contemporary models, programmes, and implementation strategies in preventive cardiovascular care, highlighting factors that facilitate or hinder adoption at scale. Methods Narrative synthesis drawing on searches in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library (to July 2025), prioritising systematic reviews, major guideline statements, and large multicentre studies. Results Community programmes yield modest but meaningful reductions in blood pressure, lipids, and glucose. Clinical programmes achieve greater individual-level effects but are constrained by limited reach. Key barriers include misaligned incentives, workforce limitations, and persistent inequities. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) frameworks remain underutilised. Emerging digital tools and updated cardiovascular risk models offer new opportunities but require pragmatic integration. Conclusion Strengthening preventive cardiovascular care requires aligning health-system incentives, integrating implementation science, and leveraging technology to support scalable and equitable prevention models.
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Kubielas et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular prevention programmes was evaluated. Community and clinical cardiovascular prevention programmes yield meaningful reductions in risk factors, but their real-world implementation remains constrained by systemic barriers and underutilization of implementation science.
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