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Multimodality imaging has recently become an important tool for interventional cardiology.Three-dimensional (3D) model printing, virtual reality, holography and 3D image fusion are just a few of the modern possibilities of planning, simulation and navigation in interventional procedures 12345.VMersive (VR-Learning, Poland) is a novel tool which utilizes automatic 3D reconstruction of CT and MRI studies based on volume rendering which eliminates the need for manual segmentation.In this system, virtual reality headset and controllers are used to analyse anatomy and also to simulate the procedure.Presented patient had a late diagnosis of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at the age of two years.He underwent catheterization and due to sub systemic pulmonary pressure and risk of left-to-right device embolization, the double-disc 10 mm Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder was implanted.There was no protrusion of the device to either pulmonary artery or descending aorta at this time.Pulmonary hypertension treatment with sildenafil proved to be effective with discontinuation after 2 years.Patient was readmitted being 15 years old, asymptomatic, with recognized left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis in recent echocardiography examinations.Angio-CT confirmed asymmetric lungs' arborization and complex LPA stenosis with rightsided disc of device protruding obliquely to proximal part of artery and narrowing it to 5 mm.
Gałeczka et al. (Thu,) studied this question.