Development of Genotype-Specific Anti-Bovine Rotavirus A Immunoglobulin Yolk Based on a Current Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bovine Rotaviruses A Collected in Japan during 2017–2020

Figures

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  Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the open reading frame (ORF) nucleotide sequences of rotavirus A (RVA) VP7. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with MEGA X software. The number beside each node represents the percentage bootstrap support of 1000 replicates for the cluster. Bootstrap values <70% are not shown. Genotype classification was performed using a cutoff value of 80% defined by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group. The strains shown in colors and underlined indicate the bovine RVAs analyzed in this study and those reported in earlier studies, respectively. Different colors represent RVAs with different combinations of G and P genotypes. Host species, source countries, collection years, G and P genotypes, and GenBank accession numbers are shown following the strains.

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  Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on the open reading frame (ORF) nucleotide sequences of rotavirus A (RVA) VP4. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with MEGA X software. The number beside each node represents the percentage bootstrap support of 1000 replicates for the cluster. Bootstrap values <70% are not shown. Genotype classification was performed using a cutoff value of 80% defined by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group. The strains shown in colors and underlined indicate the bovine RVAs analyzed in this study and those reported in earlier studies, respectively. Different colors represent RVAs with different combinations of G and P genotypes. Host species, source countries, collection years, G and P genotypes, and GenBank accession numbers are shown following the strains.

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  Figure 3. Frequency (in percent) of the occurrence of G and P genotypes of bovine rotaviruses A in each cattle type. (A) Total, (B) Holstein calves, (C) F1 hybrids, and (D) Japanese beef calves. Different combinations of G and P genotypes are shown in different colors.