The combination of multiple common comorbidities induces a pathophysiological cascade leading to coronary microvascular dysfunction, myocardial stiffening, and HFpEF.
The combination of three common comorbidities leads to systemic inflammation, myocardial oxidative stress, and coronary microvascular dysfunction, which associate with myocardial stiffening and LV diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction.
Sorop et al. (Wed,) studied this question.