A set-theoretic configurational analysis of sports event policy change: insights from Shanghai

Introduction Grounded in the multiple streams framework, this study explores the configurations of political, policy, and problem stream factors that drive policy change in sports events. Methods A crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) was conducted on 33 sports event policies enacted in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2022. Results Four causal configurations leading to policy change were identified. Further classification revealed two distinct pathways: one driven by specific problems, and another shaped by the combined effects of political and policy factors. Discussion This research advances understanding of the causal logic underlying sports event policy change and highlights the combined role of core multiple streams factors, thereby improving the rationality of practical policymaking.