Vibration-level characteristics for Fe-doped lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic were studied using the constant current driving method. It was found that mechanical Q was markedly decreased with increasing vibration level, accompanying a lot of heat generation. The other electromechanical characteristics were slightly changed. The heat generation was found to decrease with increasing Fe doping concentration up to ∼2 at.%, and was found to show a minimum for lead-zirconate-titanate with the basic composition close to the morphotrophic phase boundary. It was assumed that the heat generation was mainly caused by ferroelectric domain wall hysteresis loss.
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Sadayuki Takahashi Hirose (1993) studied this question.
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