Clinicopathological and immunological features of Rowell syndrome: A retrospective cohort study

Rowell syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of lupus features with erythema multiforme-like rashes and distinctive serologic autoantibody profile. Its diagnostic criteria and relationship to other lupus subtypes are debated, and its molecular drivers have not yet been clearly defined. This study defines the clinical, histologic, and immunologic profile of Rowell syndrome in a cohort of 25 patients and demonstrates a dominant interferon–JAK/STAT activation signature in lesional skin and peripheral blood. Furthermore, it provides early evidence that JAK/STAT inhibition can improve cutaneous disease, supporting pathway-targeted therapy.