Cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) versus the cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index (CHG) for incident hypertension prediction: a national cohort study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Study population flow chart

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  Fig. 2. GBTM analysis of CTI and CHG across study waves. A, D Scatter plots of individual observed CTI and CHG values across study waves; B, E Fitted trajectory groups identified by the GBTM; C, F Bar charts displaying the incidence of hypertension stratified by trajectory group. GBTM, group-based trajectory modeling; CTI, C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose; CHG, cholesterol–high-density lipoprotein–glucose

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  Fig. 3. RCS curves depicting the adjusted association of cuCTI and cuCHG with incident hypertension. A Dose–response association of the cuCTI index with the risk of incident hypertension; B Dose–response association of the cuCHG index with the risk of incident hypertension. Analyses were derived from the fully adjusted model (Model 3). Fully adjusted models included: age, sex, rural residency, education level, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Solid lines denote estimated HRs, while shaded areas indicate 95% CIs. Background histograms show the percentage distribution of the cumulative indices in the study population. RCS, restricted cubic spline; cuCTI, cumulative C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose; cuCHG, cumulative cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose; CI, confidence interval

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  Fig. 4. Receiver operating characteristic curves comparing the predictive performance of cuCTI and cuCHG for incident hypertension at 7 years A and 9 years B follow-up. P values for comparisons between AUCs were calculated using the DeLong test. cuCTI, cumulative C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose; cuCHG, cumulative cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval

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  Fig. 5. Stratified analysis of the link between cumulative CTI and incident hypertension. Elevated BP was defined as baseline SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 70–89 mmHg. Hazard ratios represent the risk per 1 SD increment derived from the fully adjusted Model. Fully adjusted models included: age, sex, rural residency, education level, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index

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  Fig. 6. Subgroup analyses of the association between cumulative CHG and the risk of incident hypertension. Elevated BP was defined as baseline SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 70–89 mmHg. Hazard ratios represent the risk per 1 SD increment derived from the fully adjusted Model. Fully adjusted models included: age, sex, rural residency, education level, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index