James L. Gibson, Cornelius P. Cotter, John F. Bibby, Robert J. Huckshorn, Whither the Local Parties?: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of the Strength of Party Organizations, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Feb., 1985), pp. 139-160
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Gibson et al. (1985) studied this question.
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