Imaging of De Novo Malignancy after Solid Organ Transplant

The life expectancy of solid organ transplant recipients has improved over the years because of advanced immunosuppressive regimens, improved anti-infectious agents, and aggressive prophylactic treatments that have decreased the risk of acute rejection and organ loss, life-threatening infections, and cardiovascular events. In comparison, malignancy has increasingly become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with solid organ transplants. Noninvasive imaging after organ transplantation aids in detecting tumors, planning treatments, and monitoring for complications, thereby leading to improved outcomes. This article discusses the pathogenesis, classification, and imaging findings of de novo posttransplant malignancies.