What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore contemporary evidence on kidney allograft rejection mechanisms and potential precision medicine applications.

April 17, 2026LifeOpen Access

Rejection-Focused Precision Medicine in Kidney Transplantation: Biology, Biomarkers, and Artificial Intelligence

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This narrative review synthesizes evidence on rejection mechanisms in kidney transplantation, highlighting precision medicine's role.

To explore contemporary evidence on kidney allograft rejection mechanisms and potential precision medicine applications.
Synthesis of recent studies focusing on antibody-mediated rejection and T cell–mediated rejection.
Evaluation of diagnostic tools such as donor-derived cell-free DNA and urinary chemokines.
Critique of conventional diagnostic triads like creatinine/eGFR and DSA.
Discussion of artificial intelligence applications in pathology and risk prediction.
Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection is identified as a leading cause of graft loss.
Emerging biomarkers, including urinary chemokines, enhance rejection diagnosis.
Artificial intelligence offers potential improvements in risk prediction and data integration.

Ramalhete et al. (2026) studied this question.

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