What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess whether seasonal influenza vaccines provide cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in ferret studies.

Cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus from seasonal influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ferret studies

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A systematic review evaluates vaccine efficacy against H5N1-related mortality in ferrets, indicating cross-protection potential.

To assess whether seasonal influenza vaccines provide cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in ferret studies.
Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of ferret trials
Analyzed 35 studies comprising 157 trials
Identified and compared vaccine efficacy of seasonal and H5N1 vaccines
Defined seroprotection by neutralizing antibody titres
Used random-effects meta-analyses for efficacy comparisons
Seasonal influenza vaccines without N1 showed 14.8% efficacy
N1-containing seasonal vaccines had 73% efficacy
H5N1 vaccines overall achieved 77% efficacy
Efficacy of N1-containing vaccines was similar to H5N1 vaccines lacking seroprotection
No evidence of publication bias found

Tseng et al. (2026) studied this question.

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