Opioid Use Disorder in Brazil: Emerging Patterns, Critical Gaps, and Implications for Public Health Policy - A Systematic Review

Mariana Lara Alves de Oliveira; Henrique Alves Bezerra; Cláudia Carneiro de Araújo Palmeira; André Brooking Negrão; André Malbergier; João Maurício Castadelli-Maia

doi:10.47626/1516-4446-2025-4750

January 1, 2026Brazilian Journal of PsychiatryOpen Access

Opioid Use Disorder in Brazil: Emerging Patterns, Critical Gaps, and Implications for Public Health Policy - A Systematic Review

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Key Points

To examine the opioid use disorder landscape in Brazil and identify gaps in current treatment approaches.
Conducted a systematic review of available literature on opioid use in Brazil.
Analyzed patterns of prescription opioid misuse and illicit opioid use.
Identified gaps in randomized controlled trials regarding treatment effectiveness.
Brazil has a low prevalence of illicit opioid use but significant issues with prescription opioid misuse.
No randomized controlled trials exist to evaluate treatment effectiveness for opioid use disorder in Brazil.
Urgent research is needed to explore the feasibility of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder within Brazil's health care system.

Implication

A systematic review reveals critical gaps in opioid use disorder treatment in Brazil, suggesting urgent research is needed.

Abstract

Brazil faces a distinct opioid landscape characterized by low prevalence of illicit opioid use but notable misuse of prescription opioids. The absence of RCTs evaluating treatment effectiveness represents a significant evidence gap. Urgent research is needed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) within the Brazilian health care system (SUS).

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Cite This Study

Oliveira et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e31f7340886becb653eaef https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2025-4750

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Opioid Use Disorder in Brazil: Emerging Patterns, Critical Gaps, and Implications for Public Health Policy - A Systematic Review

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Opioid Use Disorder in Brazil: Emerging Patterns, Critical Gaps, and Implications for Public Health Policy - A Systematic Review

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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