What question did this study set out to answer?

To establish age- and sex-specific reference values for phase angle in a healthy Colombian population.

Reference values for bioelectrical impedance–derived phase angle: a cross-sectional study of 5,049 healthy individuals from Colombia

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Cross-sectional study establishes age- and sex-specific phase angle norms, suggesting improved assessments of cellular health.

To establish age- and sex-specific reference values for phase angle in a healthy Colombian population.
Enrolled 5,049 individuals aged 10–94 years.
Calculated phase angle from body resistance and reactance using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Developed smoothed centile curves and tables for various percentiles using the LMS method.
Phase angle increased during adolescence and early adulthood, peaked around midlife, and declined thereafter.
Males showed higher phase angle values than females across all age groups.
Generated sex-specific percentile curves illustrating phase angle distribution by age group.

Carrera-Gil et al. (2026) studied this question.

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