What does this research mean for the field?

Bioimpedance parameters and phase angle values in a Mexican population differ markedly from existing European and North American references, establishing the need for population-specific standards for accurate clinical assessment. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To establish sex- and age-specific reference values for bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, phase angle, and extracellular-to-total body water ratios in adolescents and adults residing in Mexico.

September 5, 2026ObesitiesOpen Access

Fluid Distribution Index and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Adolescents and Adults: Reference Values in People Residing in Mexico

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Authors

CHCarlos Abraham Herrera-Amante CRCésar Octavio Ramos-García RYRodrigo Yañéz‐Sepúlveda

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Observational study reveals distinct bioelectrical impedance vectors and fluid distribution indices in Mexican residents, highlighting the need for population-specific clinical reference norms.

Key Points

To establish sex- and age-specific reference values for bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, phase angle, and extracellular-to-total body water ratios in adolescents and adults residing in Mexico.
Cross-sectional observational study analyzing 5,271 participants (3,455 women, 1,816 men; mean age 23.3 ± 6.6 years) assessed between 2017 and 2023 in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Bioelectrical variables were evaluated using an InBody 720 multifrequency segmental analyzer to calculate phase angle (PhA), tolerance ellipses (50th, 75th, 95th percentiles), and extracellular-to-total body water (ECW/TBW) ratios.
Mean vector differences by sex were evaluated using Hotelling's T2 test and the Mahalanobis distance (D).
PhA was significantly higher in men (6.39 ± 0.57°) than in women (5.37 ± 0.56°; Cohen's d = 1.81; p < 0.001), with distinct mean impedance vectors identified between sexes (Hotelling's T2, p < 0.001; D = 2.42).
The ECW/TBW ratio was higher in women (0.378 ± 0.006) than in men (0.371 ± 0.006; Cohen's d = 1.13), with 29.8% of women falling in the high-normal band compared to 5.0% of men (p < 0.001).
PhA correlated inversely with ECW/TBW in women (r = −0.85, p < 0.001) and men (r = −0.86, p < 0.001), increased across BMI categories (p < 0.001), and demonstrated centroid displacement compared to previous European and North American references.

Cite This Study

Herrera-Amante et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd4726b95aff0620ec341 https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities6050063

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September 5, 2026ObesitiesOpen Access

Fluid Distribution Index and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Adolescents and Adults: Reference Values in People Residing in Mexico

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

CHCarlos Abraham Herrera-Amante CRCésar Octavio Ramos-García RYRodrigo Yañéz‐Sepúlveda

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Observational study reveals distinct bioelectrical impedance vectors and fluid distribution indices in Mexican residents, highlighting the need for population-specific clinical reference norms.

Key Points

To establish sex- and age-specific reference values for bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, phase angle, and extracellular-to-total body water ratios in adolescents and adults residing in Mexico.
Cross-sectional observational study analyzing 5,271 participants (3,455 women, 1,816 men; mean age 23.3 ± 6.6 years) assessed between 2017 and 2023 in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Bioelectrical variables were evaluated using an InBody 720 multifrequency segmental analyzer to calculate phase angle (PhA), tolerance ellipses (50th, 75th, 95th percentiles), and extracellular-to-total body water (ECW/TBW) ratios.
Mean vector differences by sex were evaluated using Hotelling's T2 test and the Mahalanobis distance (D).
PhA was significantly higher in men (6.39 ± 0.57°) than in women (5.37 ± 0.56°; Cohen's d = 1.81; p < 0.001), with distinct mean impedance vectors identified between sexes (Hotelling's T2, p < 0.001; D = 2.42).
The ECW/TBW ratio was higher in women (0.378 ± 0.006) than in men (0.371 ± 0.006; Cohen's d = 1.13), with 29.8% of women falling in the high-normal band compared to 5.0% of men (p < 0.001).
PhA correlated inversely with ECW/TBW in women (r = −0.85, p < 0.001) and men (r = −0.86, p < 0.001), increased across BMI categories (p < 0.001), and demonstrated centroid displacement compared to previous European and North American references.

Cite This Study

Herrera-Amante et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd4726b95aff0620ec341 https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities6050063

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