Amino Acid Dysmetabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Integrated Analysis of Urinary Chromatography and Serum Amino Acid Profiles

ABSTRACTBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a complex metabolic disorder associated with significant disruptions inglucose and amino acid metabolism. Growing evidence indicates that altered plasma amino acid profiles and increased urinaryamino acid excretion (aminoacidurias) are defining metabolic features of T2DM, reflecting insulin resistance, enhancedgluconeogenesis, and impaired protein metabolism. Materials and methods: In this case–control study, 115 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 115 age- and sex-matchedhealthy controls were enrolled. Urinary aminoacidurias were screened using paper chromatography, and serum amino acid profileswere analysed using GC–MS. Differences in amino acid patterns and their correlations with disease severity and metabolic parameters were assessed. Results: The study offers new insights into altered amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes and identifies potential biomarkersfor diagnosis and disease monitoring. These findings suggest future therapeutic avenues and improve understanding of the metabolic complexity of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: These findings emphasise the utility of amino acid profiling as a diagnostic and therapeutic approach in type 2 diabetes mellitus management.