Regioselective Regulatory Strategies and Structural Design Principles of Olefin Hydroformylation Heterogeneous Catalysts

Heterogeneous olefin hydroformylation represents a pivotal process for the synthesis of high-value aldehydes and their derivatives. However, controlling the regioselectivity of this reaction remains a persistent challenge. This review systematically outlines recent advances in regulating regioselectivity within heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts, with particular emphasis on the influence of support architectures on the selectivity toward linear versus branched products. Strategic approaches for manipulating regioselectivity are delineated. Significant enhancement in the regioselectivity for target products has been achieved through the optimization of geometric, electronic, synergistic, defect, and ligand effects, alongside the confinement effects characteristic of single-atom catalysts. The insights presented herein are intended to establish a theoretical foundation and offer design principles for the development of highly regioselective heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts.