The circular economy (CE) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to the traditional linear economy, which follows a “take–make–dispose” model. The circular economy emphasizes resource efficiency, waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and sustainable product design. Despite its potential benefits, the transition to a circular economy faces several challenges, including technological limitations, policy barriers, and lack of awareness. This paper explores the key challenges and opportunities in implementing circular economy practices across industries. It also reviews recent advancements, policy frameworks, and innovative technologies that support circular economy adoption. The study highlights the importance of integrated approaches involving technology, policy, and stakeholder participation to achieve sustainable development
Dr. Kondekal Manjunatha (Mon,) studied this question.