Working paper describes a universal methodology for digital twin implementation, suggesting a framework for sustainable impact assessment.
The definitive SMILE methodology paper. Six phases, four perspectives (People/Systems/Planet/AI), AEST temporal architecture, NUDEDA maturity lens, SPIN questioning framework, 20 benefits, cross-domain validation across 8 verticals, DTC CPT framework correspondence, Ward and Daniel benefits management, Crucible verification layer, Zoom-Anchor-AEST interaction model. Working paper and corpus anchor for 39 peer-reviewed articles.
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Nicolas Waern (2026) studied this question.
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