Certain nutrients under the action of proton pump inhibitors – a review for day-to-day general practice

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used medications that modulate gastric acid secretion. This literature review explores the current scientific consensus on the effects of PPIs on major macro- and micronutrients effect in the human body, with a focus on day-to-day medical practice. The macronutrients analyzed in this narrative review were proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; the micronutrients were sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and the vitamins B12, B9, C and D. The sources demonstrated clinically relevant negative changes in the absorption of iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B12 and vitamin C and a clinically relevant positive effect on lipid absorption. It is recommended to evaluate special supplementation of iron, calcium, magnesium and vitamin C, as well as vitamin B12 for at-risk individuals and, also, in case of chronic treatment, special nutritional counseling for a lipid reduced diet and close monitoring of the relevant blood parameters are advisable.