Ex situ modification of activated carbon through hydrothermal oxidation and sulphur@amine doping for highly efficient Pb 2+ sorption: experimental and modelling approaches

Key Points

• This research aims to enhance the sorption capacity of activated carbon for lead ions through specific modifications.
• Utilized hydrothermal oxidation and sulphur@amine doping to modify activated carbon.
• Conducted experiments to evaluate lead ion sorption efficiency.
• Employed modeling approaches to analyze sorption mechanisms.
• Enhanced lead ion sorption efficiency observed with modified activated carbon.
• Hydrothermal oxidation and doping showed significant improvements in activated carbon performance.
• Modeling approaches supported experimental findings, indicating effective lead removal.