This research demonstrates improved optical damage resistance in co-doped lithium niobate crystals, suggesting better applications.
Millisecond level photorefractive response together with high saturated diffraction efficiency and strongly enhanced photodamage resistance are achieved in Zr,U co-doped LiNbO 3 (LN:Zr,U) crystals at 442 nm.
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Tian et al. (2026) studied this question.
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