A rare retroperitoneal lipoma mimicking malignancy: a surgical case report

Introduction: While most retroperitoneal tumors are malignant, retroperitoneal lipomas are rare exceptions. These tumors are uncommon and cause considerable challenges in both diagnosis and treatment since they closely resemble those of malignant liposarcomas. Case presentation: This case concerns an adult male patient who developed a painless, gradually enlarging mass in his lower right abdomen over 4 years, with diagnosis and treatment delayed. He traveled to the capital seeking a solution to his health issue. Discussion: Diagnostic imaging and surgery are crucial in managing retroperitoneal lipomas. In this case, MRI detected a large mass, which was surgically removed while preserving nearby structures. Histology confirmed it as a giant retroperitoneal lipoma. Professionals face significant challenges when diagnosing and surgically treating this case due to its deep location, slow growth, and imaging characteristics that closely mimic those of malignant liposarcomas. Conclusion: This case highlights the potential for retroperitoneal fatty masses to pose diagnostic challenges. A definitive diagnosis is achieved through complete surgical excision and subsequent histopathological evaluation.