On Accounting for Dynamic Effects in Establishing the State Coordinate System: A Case Study of the GSK-2035 Prototype

The article is devoted to overcoming the decimeter-level limit of positioning accuracy, resulting from inconsistency between the purpose of the national datum GSK-2011 and its underlying theoretical definition. The criteria for the optimal definition of the national datum are formulated in respect to the most cost-effective satisfying of user needs at a time interval of more than 20 years. A definition and a method of implementation of datum prototype, designated GSK-2035, are presented. GSK2035 enables accounting for the physical deformation of the territory, while ensuring the constancy of the coordinates of real estate objects, unambiguous transformation to ITRF at a sub-centimeter accuracy level for the entire territory of Russia with maximum simplicity of transformations. The cartesian coordinates in GSK-2035 and ITRF2020 will be numerically close within 15 years after the introduction of the proposed datum, which makes it optimal for creating a unified cartographic layer and allows it to be used for GNSS navigation with relatively high accuracy even without transformation. In order to achieve the highest accuracy of transformations in GSK-2035, in nearly three quarters of cases in the territory of the Russian Federation, the standard Helmert model with parameters’ rates is sufficient. In other cases, high accuracy is achieved by applying a constant velocity field and local corrections, which are an integral part of GSK-2035. The transformations are fully automated. The introduction of a reference frame with the presented characteristics is a prerequisite for the implementation of a unified high-precision geo-information space and a navigation field of the corresponding accuracy throughout the territory of Russia. That would also provide increase in the efficiency of high-precision positioning by one or two orders of magnitude comparing to current procedures of accessing the national datum.