Population-based cohort study reveals codeine associates with lower anxiety and sleep disorder risks in hip osteoarthritis patients, suggesting improved opioid management strategies.
Codeine was associated with lower hazards of anxiety and sleep disorders in several analyses. These findings suggest that strengthening opioid stewardship through structured psychiatric risk assessment and individualised prescribing may enhance patient safety. Further controlled studies incorporating detailed clinical data are warranted to validate these associations and to better define their implications for long-term opioid management and policy development.
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Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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