Redefinition of the Photon and a Unified Understanding of Electromagnetic Waves / フォトンの再定義と電磁波の統一的理解

Short Abstract This study presents a structural redefinition of the photon and a unified framework for understanding electromagnetic waves based on the concept of Dynamic Mass Flow (DMF). In conventional physics, photons are described as elementary particles of the electromagnetic field, exhibiting both particle-like and wave-like behavior. However, this duality remains conceptually unresolved and reflects the limitations of existing descriptive frameworks. In this work, photons are reinterpreted as energy-dependent stable propagation modes within an underlying dynamic structure referred to as DMF. From this perspective, the electromagnetic spectrum is not a collection of distinct entities, but a continuous distribution of stability regimes within a single structural framework. This reinterpretation provides a unified explanation for wave–particle duality, the continuity of the electromagnetic spectrum, photon–matter interactions, and high-energy phenomena such as gamma-ray instability and particle generation. Processes traditionally described as absorption, scattering, radiation, and pair production are consistently understood as state transformations within DMF. Furthermore, this framework maintains full compatibility with established theories such as Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and the Standard Model by positioning them as effective theories within a deeper structural layer. The proposed model does not introduce new physical laws, but offers a higher-level conceptual integration that unifies light, matter, and energy as different states of a common underlying flow structure. This work provides a foundation for future theoretical development and observational verification within the BFSSU/DMF cosmological framework. https://orcid.