Key result
Sleep apnea drives cardiovascular disease through shared mechanisms and demands targeted treatment.
Why the study?
Sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease and is associated with mechanisms that contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, necessitating a comprehensive review of its pathogenesis and treatment.
Sleep apnea is causally associated with cardiovascular disease incidence and morbidity, highlighting the importance of its treatment in patients with heart disease.
Sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease. These disordered breathing events are associated with a profile of perturbations that include intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, sympathetic activation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are critical mediators of cardiovascular disease. Evidence supports a causal association of sleep apnea with the incidence and morbidity of hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke. Several discoveries in the pathogenesis, along with developments in the treatment of sleep apnea, have accumulated in recent years. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of sleep apnea, the evidence that addresses the links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease, and research that has addressed the effect of sleep apnea treatment on cardiovascular disease and clinical endpoints. Finally, we review the recent development in sleep apnea treatment options, with special consideration of treating patients with heart disease. Future directions for selective areas are suggested.
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Javaheri et al. (2017) conducted a review in Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Sleep apnea was evaluated. Sleep apnea is causally associated with cardiovascular disease, and this review summarizes its mechanisms, links to cardiovascular morbidity, and recent developments in treatment options.
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