Grid Integration of Photovoltaic Systems: Modeling, Control Strategies, and Simulation for Enhanced Performance

• A comprehensive modeling and simulation framework for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is developed. • An adaptive MPPT control strategy ensures maximum energy extraction under variable environmental conditions. • Real-time energy management and predictive algorithms optimize production, distribution, and storage. • The proposed system enhances grid stability, operational efficiency, and integration scalability. • Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the approach for smart and resilient energy networks. This article presents the modeling, control and simulation of a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system. proposed system employs the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm for MPPT to achieve maximal efficiency of solar energy harvesting. The simulation results show that the grid synchronization is established, and the inverter output currents are almost sinusoidal with THD of about 0.80% when a distorted three-phase grid voltage is considered; furthermore, the overall conversion efficiency reaches 95% (95 KW from approximately 100 KW total power generated by PV array injected into the grid), a response time as small as about 25 ms and meanwhile dynamic stability with less than 5% overshoot. The inverter injects active power of approximately 100 kW to the grid with a nearly unity power factor factor. It serves as an experimental validation of the current photovoltaic model and control method under varying irradiation and temperature conditions for further improvement through advanced maximum power point tracking schemes and the integration of energy storage systems.