Leadership in Electromobility: A Systematic Review of Strategies and Impacts on Global Sustainability

This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, examines China's strategic leadership in electromobility and its implications for global sustainability. China is the undisputed global epicenter, accounting for nearly 60% of global electric vehicle sales in 2023, supported by the world's largest charging network and absolute control over the supply chain. This dominance is built on a decades-long state strategy encompassing three critical dimensions: securing critical minerals (controlling over 75% of lithium refining and 70% of rare earths); mastering battery production (with CATL and BYD controlling over 70% of global cell manufacturing); and deploying massive charging infrastructure that doubles as a geopolitical tool through initiatives like the "Electric Silk Road." The strategy extends to public transport, where 98% of the world's electric buses operate in China, and has driven global battery costs down by 89% since 2010. The article concludes that China has transformed electromobility from an environmental initiative into a comprehensive strategy for global leadership. By demonstrating that sustainability and industrial power are inextricably linked, the Chinese model proves that a state-led green transition is both technically feasible and economically transformative, positioning sustainable mobility as a tool for mitigating climate change while projecting geopolitical influence.