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Shows circulating GDF-15 tracks fibrosis and drops after LVAD support in non-ischaemic DCM, indicating non-cardiac origin.
High circulating levels of GDF-15 in patients with end-stage non-ischaemic DCM correlate with myocardial fibrosis and kidney function and decline strongly after 1 month of mechanical unloading, remaining stable thereafter. However, cardiac mRNA and protein expression of GDF-15 are very low, suggesting that the heart is not an important source of GDF-15 production in these patients.
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Lok et al. (2012) studied this question.
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