) and good temporal stability. In vitro studies using the MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line indicated non-cytotoxicity response of the coatings, confirming their plausible applicability in tissue engineering. Antibacterial assays revealed effective inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth and complete elimination of Escherichia coli, highlighting the strong bactericidal potential of the developed system. Moreover, Cu ion release within the surface layer profiles obtained in Ringer's solution over a 7-day period showed a predominantly linear release of copper ions, indicating a controlled and sustained antimicrobial effect. The ability to modulate chitosan layer thickness and nanoparticle loading during sequential deposition steps enables the customization of the coating properties to meet specific therapeutic requirements while minimizing nanoparticle usage. This strategy offers a promising platform for developing safe, effective, and tunable antibacterial coatings for biomedical implants.
Jabłoński et al. (Wed,) studied this question.