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This study aims to evaluate a method for preparing pseudopregnant female mice showing nonestrous signs using the Whitten effect.

Preparation of Pseudopregnant Recipient Females Using Female Mice (Mus musculus) Showing Nonestrous Signs: Investigation of a Unique Approach Based on the Whitten Effect

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Randomized trial shows improved copulation rates in female mice, suggesting enhanced embryo transfer efficiency.

This study aims to evaluate a method for preparing pseudopregnant female mice showing nonestrous signs using the Whitten effect.
Female ICR mice were sorted based on nonestrous signs and housed with vasectomized males for 3 days.
The Lee-Boot effect was induced through group housing to enhance nonestrous characteristics among females.
Copulation success was assessed on day 3, followed by embryo transfers to evaluate pregnancy rates.
Copulation success rates were 74.4% (n=500) and 77.0% (n=200) compared to 53.5% in controls (n=101).
Pregnancy rates after embryo transfers were 93.1% and 89.6% for the respective groups.
This method allows the use of previously overlooked females, potentially increasing embryo transfer efficiency.

Noguchi et al. (2026) studied this question.

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