Tofacitinib in Overlapping Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: A Case Report of a Dual Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur Syndrome and Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Introduction: Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lassueur Syndrome (GLPLS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a triad of cicatricial alopecia of the scalp, non-cicatricial alopecia, and follicular eruptions in the axillae and groin. Immune system dysregulation can contribute to associations with other inflammatory diseases. Case presentation: Here, we present a female patient with a history of scalp hair loss and follicular purulent lesions on the trunk. Biopsies from three sample sites on the scalp and trunk confirmed the diagnosis of both GLPLS and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Due to a limited response to previous treatments, including immunosuppressants and antibiotics, the patient was considered for tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily. After six months of treatment, improvement in hair loss and resolution of trunk lesions were observed. Additionally, no recurrence or adverse events were noted during a two-year follow-up. Conclusion: this case report underscores the likelihood of co-occurrence of two hard-to-treat disorders, both with autoimmune and autoinflammatory basis, and significant improvement of both diseases with a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor.