The prognostic value of hemoglobin-to-albumin ratio in critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation: A retrospective cohort study

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Flowchart of the study population selection process. This figure illustrates the step-by-step exclusion criteria and the final enrollment of 7801 critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation from the MIMIC-IV database. HAR = hemoglobin-to-albumin ratio, ICU = intensive care unit, MIMIC-IV = Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV.

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  Figure 2.. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for all-cause mortality stratified by HAR index quartiles. The curves represent the cumulative probability of all-cause mortality at 28 days (A) and 360 days (B). HAR index quartiles are defined as Q1: 2.62 (2.40–2.78); Q2: 3.17 (3.05–3.28); Q3: 3.66 (3.52–3.82); and Q4: 4.55 (4.24–5.06). HAR = hemoglobin-to-albumin ratio.

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  Figure 3.. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis of the association between HAR index and mortality. The plots show the approximately linear relationship between the continuous HAR index and the hazard ratio for 28-day (A) and 360-day (B) all-cause mortality. The solid lines represent the hazard ratio estimates, and the shaded areas indicate the 95% confidence intervals. CI = confidence interval, HAR = hemoglobin-to-albumin ratio.

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  Figure 4.. Forest plot of subgroup analyses for 28-day all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between HAR and short-term mortality are shown across clinical strata, including age, gender, heart failure history, and medication use. Significant interactions were observed for age and beta-blocker use. HAR = hemoglobin-to-albumin ratio, HF = heart failure, HR = hazard ratio, NOACs/DOACs = new oral anticoagulants/direct oral anticoagulants.

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  Figure 5.. Forest plot of subgroup analyses for 360-day all-cause mortality. This plot evaluates the consistency of the prognostic value of HAR for long-term mortality across subgroups. Significant interactions emerged for age, beta-blocker use, and amiodarone therapy. HAR = hemoglobin-to-albumin ratio, HF = heart failure, HR = hazard ratio, NOACs/DOACs = new oral anticoagulants/direct oral anticoagulants.