The Borrowed Universe: Intersecting Set Cosmology as a Data-Driven Framework for Resolving the JWST Massive Galaxy Tension Using Effective Metric Formulation and Linear Programming

Title: The Borrowed Universe: Intersecting Set Cosmology as a Data-Driven Framework for Resolving the JWST Massive Galaxy Tension Using Effective Metric Formulation and Linear Programming Author: Carlos Kiplim | ORCID: 0009-0000-8930-1237 Description:Each universe U_i is a spacetime with its own geometry and material content. The intersection region contains objects that simultaneously belong to all universes, which can lead to anomalous observations, such as galaxies that challenge the standard ΛCDM model. This work proposes a theoretical extension based on Set Theory to interpret the high-redshift massive galaxies observed by the JWST. The proposition that the existence of multiple universes connected by set intersection could explain the presence of galaxies in regions where they should not exist is subjected to scientific scrutiny through a rigorous mathematical and computational approach. We develop an effective metric, derive observed redshift expressions, implement conceptual N-body simulations with multiple dark matter flavors, and apply integer linear programming to optimize JWST follow-up strategies. The model also addresses the primordial lithium tension and predicts testable signatures in the CMB and gravitational wave background. Includes complete bibliographic references: Planck Collaboration (2018), Labbé et al. (2023), Robertson et al. (2023), Boylan-Kolchin (2023), Haslbauer et al. (2023), Buchert (2000), Springel et al. (2021), Coc & Vangioni (2017). Version: v.1-4 (April 23, 2026)License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)