Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed anabundance of massive, highly luminous, and chemically mature galaxies at extreme redshiftsz ∼ 10 −15. This unexpected population challenges the standard Λ CDM cosmologicalframework, which requires billions of years for hierarchical baryonic accretion driven by coldparticle dark matter.In this paper, we demonstrate how this paradox is naturally resolved by the KrikosModel, an alternative framework of physical cosmology founded on a discrete 2D holographicboundary at the Planck scale.By replacing point-like material particles and non-baryonic dark matter with intrinsicspacetime curvature and geometric torsion T , the model dictates that large-scale structuralscaffolding is woven near-instantaneously via quantum entanglement across the 2D lattice.We derive the modified Friedmann equations containing the geometric torsion tensor andshow that the apparent ”excess mass” observed by JWST is an optical/gravitational illusionof intrinsic space manifold twisting.Finally, we map these macroscopic cosmological anomalies to a microscopic experimentalprotocol (Krikos-Anisotropy I), predicting a specific elliptic anisotropy in high-luminosityquark scattering.
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Kostas Krikos (2026) studied this question.