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Meta-analysis reveals L-citrulline improves endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults, highlighting potential benefits for cardiovascular risk.
Objectives: To determine and explore the effects of L-citrulline supplementation and watermelon intake on arterial stiffness (AS) and endothelial function in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Participants: Middle-aged and elderly adults. Designs: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: statistic. However, watermelon supplementation did not significantly improve PWV and FMD in middle-aged and older adults. Conclusion: Supplementation with L-citrulline has a positive impact on vascular function in middle-aged and elderly individuals, significantly improving FMD. However, although there was no improvement in PWV, subgroup analysis results still show that L-citrulline supplementation significantly reduced BA-PWV. This suggests that this intervention may have potential application value in preventing and improving the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in this population. However, watermelon intake did not significantly improve FMD and PWV in middle-aged and older adults, and there is insufficient relevant literature. Future large-scale studies are needed to confirm the effects of watermelon on vascular function. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/CRD420251052954.
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Luo et al. (2025) studied this question.
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