Analysis of the Web Accessibility Level of the Portoviejo Decentralized Autonomous Government Portal (Ecuador) Through Exploratory Factor Analysis and Unsupervised Fuzzy Clustering

Web accessibility ensures that all individuals, including people with disabilities, can interact effectively with digital portals. This study evaluates and classifies the levels of web accessibility of the official portal of the Decentralized Autonomous Government (GAD) of the canton of Portoviejo, Ecuador, using an unsupervised fuzzy clustering approach. Automated metrics aligned with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1, Level AA) were collected using the web accessibility test (TAW) tool. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality of 21 initial criteria, retaining seven latent factors representative of web accessibility. Based on these factors, the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm was implemented to group the evaluated pages into accessibility levels. The results reveal the existence of clusters with overlapping boundaries, confirming that web accessibility constitutes a continuum rather than a binary condition. Finally, the study provides accessibility profiles and practical recommendations by the cluster, contributing to the progressive improvement of digital inclusion in the context of local public administration.