Criteria for Assessing the Optimal Placement of Emergency Rescue Service Units

The article is devoted to the analysis of criteria for assessing the optimal placement of emergency rescue service units. The main scientific approaches are considered, namely: classical location models, covering and maximizing models, models considering survivability and resilience, multicriteria and geospatial methods. Key criteria for assessing optimal placement have been identified, such as response time, coverage of population and infrastructure, economic and financial costs, reliability, risk and vulnerability, and social factors. A comparative analysis of their strengths and weaknesses is carried out. The importance of finding a balance between response speed, costs, and social equity is emphasized, as well as the prospects for applying hybrid models, big data, and AI in emergency rescue service placement planning.