Molecular design of silane-bridged phosphorus-containing compounds and their flame retardant mechanisms, toughened, water absorption and low dielectric epoxy thermosets

Key Points

• The study aims to design and evaluate silane-bridged phosphorus-containing compounds for their flame retardant properties and performance in epoxy thermosets.
• Synthesis of P/Si-containing flame retardants (FR1, FR2, FR3) via addition reactions.
• Use of specific reactants: 1,4-bis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl)benzene and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane with diphenyl phosphine oxide and DOPO.
• Characterization of thermal properties, water absorption, and dielectric performance.
• Demonstrated effective flame retardancy in epoxy thermosets containing synthesized compounds.
• Showed improved toughness and reduced water absorption in tested thermosets.
• Achieved low dielectric properties, enhancing suitability for electronic applications.