A step toward defining optimal liposomal amphotericin B treatment duration in pulmonary mucormycosis: results from emulated trials.

= 9) in 47 cases and was switched back to L-AmB due to disease progression in 11/47 (23%) cases. Overall, the 180-day mortality was 54%. Diagnosis in the ICU, dyspnea at diagnosis, disseminated disease, and ground-glass opacities on chest CT scan were associated with increased mortality. No difference in 180-day survival was found between patients receiving short or long L-AmB treatment (HR=0.80, 95% CI [0.29-1.99]) and between patients receiving L-AmB alone or in combination (HR=1.14, 95% CI [0.56-2.32]) in emulated trials, although confidence intervals were wide. Switching to triazole therapy after 14 days of L-AmB treatment was as effective as longer durations while reducing L-AmB side effects. Combination therapy did not improve prognosis. These results could inform randomized clinical trials assessing different first-line therapeutic strategies for pulmonary mucormycosis.