Tumor cell membrane modified clinical lCG nanoprobes for NIR fluorescence imaging of targeted triple negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with high metastatic and recurrence rates. However there is still a lack of effective targeting nanoprobes (NPs) which is leading to suboptimal targeted therapy. Cell membrane-encapsulation methods are one of an ideal targeting strategy, which could enhance the biocompatibility through endogenous membrane components while enabling functional integration of targeting and imaging capabilities. In this study, fluorescent dye-clinical indocyanine green (ICG) was successfully encapsulated by TNBC cell membranes via dual biolayer method to form M-ICG NPs. The M-ICG NPs exhibited well optical/photothermal property and stability while maintaining the advantage of TNBC targeting ability. Thus, the M-ICG NPs achieved well cancer-specific labeling and targeted near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, offering a foundational framework for developing multifunctional nanoplatforms with tumor-specific targeting, enhanced biocompatibility, and structural stability for in vivo theranostic applications.