Between Faith and Fitness: Understanding the Reluctance of Female Muslim Students toward Physical Education Performance

This study explored the factors influencing the reluctance of female Muslim students to actively participate in physical education (PE) activities and examined how cultural, religious, and personal beliefs shape their comfort levels, perceptions, and participation. Guided by a descriptive qualitative research design, the study involved twenty (20) Muslim female students from selected secondary schools in Zamboanga and Tawi-Tawi cities who participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and insights related to participation barriers. Findings revealed that modesty-related concerns, particularly regarding PE uniforms and changing facilities, were major sources of discomfort and hesitation. Participants expressed unease in wearing standard PE attire that conflicted with their religious beliefs. Mixed-gender settings and the lack of female instructors further reduced students’ willingness to actively engage in physical activities. In addition, inflexible school policies, including strict uniform requirements and the absence of accommodations during fasting periods, reinforced students’ feelings of exclusion and internal conflict. These factors collectively influenced students’ selective participation and reduced engagement in PE classes. The study concluded that the reluctance of Muslim female students does not stem from a lack of interest in physical activity, but rather from institutional and cultural misalignments that fail to consider their faith-based needs. The findings emphasize the importance of developing culturally responsive and inclusive PE programs that incorporate modest uniform options, gender-sensitive instruction, and appropriate religious accommodations. This study provides valuable insights for educators, school administrators, and policymakers aiming to promote equitable, respectful, and empowering participation in physical education.