Vietnamese cohort study on non-renal cell carcinoma kidney cancers: Identifying tumor size as an independent prognostic factor.

INTRODUCTION: Kidney cancer is the third most common malignancy of the urinary system. Non-renal cell carcinoma kidney cancer (non-RCC kidney cancer), though accounting for only 15%-20% of cases, displays distinct biological features and prognosis, require specific diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. This study aims to determine the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, the histopathological subtypes and factors associated with overall survival of patients diagnosed with non-RCC kidney cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study on 81 patients diagnosed with non-RCC kidney cancer at Cho Ray Hospital between January 2019 and April 2024. Data were collected from medical records, including clinical, imaging, and histopathological characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. CONCLUSIONS: Non-RCC kidney cancers present with a variety of clinical features, predominantly in males, and are generally diagnosed after symptom onset. SCC and UTUC are the most common histopathological subtypes. Early identification and accurate pathological classification are essential for optimal treatment strategies and prognosis.