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May 2, 2026

Early life factors, blood pressure percentile trajectories, and elevated blood pressure in children.

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Key result

Early life factors, including birthing parent pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes, were significantly associated with four distinct systolic blood pressure percentile trajectories in children.

Why the study?

Elevated BP in childhood predicts adult hypertension, prompting characterization of BP percentile trajectories and associated factors in young children.

Population

1040 children aged 3-9 years in Durham, North Carolina

Comparison

Early life demographic, social, and behavioral factors

Design

Prospective birth cohort study

Authors

CBCeleste D. Butts-JacksonLGLea GhastineKSKeia Sanderson

Discussion

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Overview

Maternal factors tied to childhood BP trajectories warrant caution in risk assessment; leaves open causal pathways and prevention targets pending randomized evidence.

Key Points

  • This study aims to identify blood pressure percentile trajectories in children and the early life factors associated with elevated blood pressure.
  • Analyzed blood pressure measurements from medical records alongside demographic and behavioral characteristics from questionnaires.
  • Employed group-based trajectory modeling to identify systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentile trajectories.
  • Utilized multinomial logistic regression and generalized estimating equations to assess associations.
  • Four distinct systolic blood pressure trajectories identified: lower stable, lower increasing, higher stable, and higher decreasing.
  • Significant associations found between trajectory group assignment and factors like birthing parent’s race, education, and pre-pregnancy BMI.
  • Several early life factors were associated with elevated blood pressure, including infant sex and chronic hypertension status.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=1,040)

Structured PICO

P
Population
1040 children aged 3-9 years in a prospective birth cohort study in Durham, North Carolina (2005-2011)
O
Outcome
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) percentile trajectoriessurrogate

Identification of distinct childhood blood pressure trajectories and their associated early life factors may assist in targeted interventions for children at high risk of adult hypertension.

Cite This Study

Butts-Jackson et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Elevated blood pressure (n=1,040). Early life factors was evaluated on Systolic blood pressure (SBP) percentile trajectories. Early life factors, including birthing parent pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes, were significantly associated with four distinct systolic blood pressure percentile trajectories in children.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69f594ca71405d493afffb0dhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04307-3
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