Thermal analysis of magnetically-driven hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical plate under heating effects, induced magnetic field, and mixed convection

The efficiency of heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids is better than conventional fluids. The enhancement of heat transmission rate is an important part of electrical, thermal, biological sciences and industrial processes. This study uniquely investigates the combined effects of Hall current, exponential heat source, and thermal radiation on Al 2 O 3 -Ag/water hybrid nanofluid flow—a combination not previously reported. Additionally, the significance of steady, laminar, and incompressible flow of hybrid nanofluid through the stretching vertical plate also examined. The hybrid nanofluid flow considers alumina ( Al 2 O 3 ) and silver ( Ag ) nanoparticles while water is utilized as base fluid. The influences of hall current, thermal radiation, magnetic field, and exponential heat source on the hybrid nanofluid flow are examined. Apposite transformations are employed to transform the system of differential equations. The computation of the transformed system of equations has been achieved by employing a semi-analytical approach called the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The graphical representations have been considered to show the convergence of HAM. The graphical results of radial and tangential velocity profiles as well as temperature fields of the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids as consequences of the embedded parameters are displayed. It is observed that with the increasing effect of the magnetic field, the tangential velocity and temperature profiles of the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids are increased. Furthermore, the magnetic parameter has a decreasing impact on the radial velocity of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. The skin friction coefficients and local Nusselt number rise due to magnetic field. The reduction of radial skin fraction and Nusselt number has an inverse relationship with mixed convection factor.